實(shí)驗(yàn)研究(experimental research)

調(diào)查研究(survey research)

實(shí)地觀察研究(field study)

文獻(xiàn)研究(document study)

全面調(diào)查（普查） (overall survey)

抽樣調(diào)查(sampling survey)

典型調(diào)查 (typical survey)

病例-對(duì)照研究 (case-control study)

隊(duì)列研究(cohort study)或前瞻性調(diào)查(prospective survey)

單純隨機(jī)抽樣 (simple random sampling)

系統(tǒng)抽樣 (systematic sampling)

分層抽樣(stratified sampling)

等比例分配(proportional allocation)

與非等比例分配(non-proportional allocation)

整群抽樣(cluster sampling)

效度(validity) ，準(zhǔn)確度(accuracy)

內(nèi)容效度 (content validity)

結(jié)構(gòu)效度 (construct validity)

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)關(guān)聯(lián)效度 (criterion- related validity)

信度(reliability)，精確度(precision)

重測信度 (test-retest reliability)

內(nèi)部一致性信度 (internal consistent reliability)

可接受性( acceptability )

簡單性(simplicity)

問卷接收(questionnaire receiving)

問卷核查(questionnaire checking)

提名小組法(nominal group)

專題小組討論(focus group discussion)

頭腦風(fēng)暴法(brain storming)

特爾斐(Delphi)調(diào)查法

深入訪談法(in-depth interview)

誤差（error）

偏倚（bias）

目標(biāo)母體(Target population)

抽樣母體(Sampling frame)

重要參數(shù)(Parameters)

調(diào)查方法(Survey Modes)

抽樣設(shè)計(jì)(Sampling Design)

問卷設(shè)計(jì)(Questionnaire Design)

資料分析(Survey Data Analysis)

抽樣誤差(Sampling Error)

非抽樣誤差(Non-sampling Error)

測量誤差(Measurement Error)

無回應(yīng)誤差(Non-response Error)

未涵蓋誤差(Non-coverage Error)

便利抽樣(Convenience sampling)

判斷抽樣(Judgement sampling)

自願(yuàn)樣本(volunteer sample)

配額抽樣(Quota sampling)

雪球抽樣(Snowball sampling)

簡單隨機(jī)抽樣(Simple random sampling)

系統(tǒng)抽樣(Systematic sampling)

分層隨機(jī)抽樣(Stratified random sampling)

集群抽樣(Cluster sampling)

多階段抽樣(Multi-stage sampling),probability proportional to size (pps)

雙重抽樣(Two-phase sampling)

捉放捉抽樣(Capture-recapture sampling)