1.疑問句的定義
疑問句的主要交際功能是提出問題,詢問情況。分為一般疑問句、選擇疑問句、特殊疑問句和反意疑問句。
2. 一般疑問句
一般疑問句通常用來詢問一件事情是否屬實(shí)。答句通常是"yes或no"。所以一般疑問句又稱作"是非問句"。
一、由肯定的陳述句轉(zhuǎn)化的一般疑問句。
Have you been living here? 你一直住在這兒嗎?
Do you speak English? 你講英語嗎?
二、 否定的一般疑問句。
Can't he drive? 他不是會開車嗎?
Can he not drive? 他不會開車嗎?
Isn't Kate a student? 凱特難道不是學(xué)生嗎?
Is Kate not a student? 凱特不是學(xué)生嗎?
Hasn't the rain stopped yet? 難道雨還沒有停嗎?
Has the rain stopped yet? 雨還沒停嗎?
三、回答否定形式的一般疑問句的注意事項:
Isn't she very intelligent? 她難道不是很聰明嗎?
Yes, she is. 是的,她很聰明。
Is he not a student? 他不是學(xué)生嗎?
Yes, he is. 不,他是學(xué)生。(錯誤的答語:No, he is.)
小竅門:在回答的時候,只要把它當(dāng)成沒有加以否定形式的普通一般疑問句一樣看待。
3. 選擇疑問句
選擇疑問句提出兩個或兩個以上可能的答案供對方選擇。這類疑問句由兩部分組成:(一般疑問句)供選擇的第一個部分 + 供選擇的另一個部分 + ?
Do you like to play football or basketball? 你喜歡踢足球還是打籃球?
Shall we walk, or shall we go by bus? 咱們步行去,還是乘公共汽車去?
注意:有的選擇疑問句不能用"yes或no"回答。如:
Are you male or female? 你是男性還是女性?這時是不可能用"yes或no"回答的。
但是,以下則例外。
Shall we walk, or shall we go by bus? 咱們步行去,還是乘公共汽車去?
No, we shall go by taxi. 不,我們要打的。
4. 特殊疑問句
一、疑問詞
疑問代詞who, whom, whose, which, what
疑問副詞when, where, why, how, how much, how many, how long, how old, how far, how big
二、疑問詞 + 陳述句語序部分
疑問詞作 主語
Who would like to go out for a walk? 誰要出去散步?
Which is mine? 哪一個是我的?
疑問詞作定語修飾主語
Which book is yours? 哪一本書是你的?
Which one is suited for teaching? 哪一個適合教學(xué)?
三、 疑問詞 + 一般疑問句語序部分
What do you read? 你閱讀了什么書?
Which book do you want? 你要哪一本書?
How did you get here? 你是怎么到達(dá)這兒的?
When did you arrive? 你是什么時候到的?
Why did you do that? 你為什么做那事?
5. 反意疑問句
反意疑問句又叫附加疑問句,主要有兩部分組成:陳述部分 + 疑問部分
主要有兩種類型:
陳述部分(肯定) + 疑問部分(否定)
陳述部分(否定) + 疑問部分(肯定)
Its cold today, isn't it? 今天天氣冷,不是嗎?
He doesn't like it, does he? 他不喜歡,是嗎?
少數(shù)情況:
祈使句部分(肯定)+ 疑問部分(肯定)
Let us go, will you? 讓我們?nèi)グ桑脝幔?/p>
6. 反意疑問句:代詞
一、當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是this, that, these, those時,疑問部分的主語分別用it和they。
This is important, isn't it? 這很重要,不是嗎?
These aren't his books, are they? 這些不是他的書,對吧?
二、當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是everything, something, anything, nothing時,疑問部分的主語采用it。
Everything is all right, isn't it? 一切正常,不是嗎?
Nothing can stop us, can it? 沒有什么可以阻擋我們,對吧?
三、當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是everybody, everyone, somebody, someone, nobody, no one等合成代詞時,疑問部分的主語要采用they,有時用he。
Everybody knows this, doesn't he/ don't they? 人人都知道這一點(diǎn),不是嗎?
Nobody phoned while I was out, did they? 我外出時沒人打電話,對吧?
No one wants to go, do they? 沒人想走,是嗎?
7. 反意疑問句:there be
There won't be any concert this Saturday evening, will there?
這個星期六晚上沒有音樂會,是嗎?
There used to be a peach tree in the garden, wasn't there?
以前在花園里有一棵桃樹,對吧?
8. 反意疑問句:助動詞
一、 當(dāng)陳述部分的謂語動詞含有系動詞,助動詞,情態(tài)動詞時,疑問部分重復(fù)這些動詞。
He is a teacher, isn't? 他是教師,對吧?
You can solve the problem, can't you? 你能解決這個問題,不是嗎?
二、當(dāng)陳述部分的謂語動詞含有had better, would rather, would like時,疑問部分相應(yīng)的變化。
You'd better go now, hadn't you? 你最好現(xiàn)在就走,不是嗎?
You'd rather go there early, wouldn't you? 你最好早些去那里,不是嗎?
He'd like to go, wouldn't he? 他要走,是嗎?
三、 當(dāng)陳述部分的謂語動詞含有have to, had to時,疑問部分用don't或didn't。
We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?
明天我們必須8點(diǎn)到達(dá)那兒,不是嗎?
They had to take the early train, didn't they? 他們要趕早班火車,不是嗎?
9. 反意疑問句:must
一、 表示“必須”時,采用如下格式:Must, mustn't/ must, needn't
They must clean the floor after school, mustn't they?
They must clean the floor after school, needn't they?
放學(xué)后他們必須掃地,是不是?
二、表示“禁止”時,采用如下格式:Mustn't, May
They mustn't take the book out of the library, may they?
他們不能把書拿出圖書館,是嗎?
三 、表示“準(zhǔn)是”的意思時,采用:Must be, aren't
They must be playing football on the sports ground, aren't they?
他們準(zhǔn)是在操場上踢足球,是不是?
You must have misheard, haven't you?
You must have misheard, didn't you?
你一定是聽錯了,是不是?
10. 反意疑問句:ought to
主干部分ought to, 附加部分shouldn't(美國用法)
主干部分ought to, 附加部分oughtn't(英國用法)
We ought to buy a new car, oughtn't we? (英國用法)
We ought to buy a new car, shouldn't we? (美國用法)
我們應(yīng)該買輛新車,不是嗎?