“適應癥”最常用的有以下幾種表示方法
Indications適應癥
Indications and Usage 適應癥與用途
Major(Principal)Indications 主要適應癥
Uses用途
Action and Use作用與用途
偶爾也會見到其他的表示方法。
本項中出現(xiàn)頻率最高的是疾病名稱以及微生物(尤其是致病菌)的名稱,如:
angina pectoris 心絞痛
cancer癌
diabetes(mellitus)糖尿病
hypertension 高血壓
gram-positive microorganisms (bacteria)革蘭氏陽性菌
virus 病毒
gram-negative microorganisms (bacteria)革蘭氏陰性菌
E.coli 大腸桿菌
這些詞匯可借助英漢醫(yī)學詞典進行閱讀和翻譯,只要掌握了這些詞意,即可了解本項基本內(nèi)容。
一、常見句型
本項是說明書的重點,從句子結(jié)構(gòu)來分析,大致有以下幾種類型。
1、 不完全句結(jié)構(gòu).僅列出疾病或微生物的名稱.例如:
例1 Angina pectoris, Prinzmetal's angina,hypertension
心絞痛,變異性心絞痛,高血壓。
例2 The following diseases caused by bacteria including gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria such as Staphylococcus,Streptcoccus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae……
用于治療由革蘭氏陽性和革蘭氏陰性細菌,如葡萄球菌、鏈球菌、大腸桿菌、肺炎桿菌……引起的下列疾病
2、 由For(或In等)引出的短語,例如:
例3 For prevention of the advance of cataract.
用于預防白內(nèi)障進展。
例4 In the treatment of all forms of pulmonary tubercuosis in association with other antitubercular drugs.
與其他抗結(jié)核藥配伍,治療各種類型肺結(jié)核。
3、 To+動詞原形構(gòu)成的短語,如:
例5 To prevent the formation of urinary calculi,especially in cases where they tend to recur.
用于預防尿路,特別是易發(fā)部位的結(jié)石的形成。
例6 To protect the liver cell during administration of drugs hazardous to the liver.
在服用對肝臟有危害的藥物期間,用以保護肝細胞。
4、完整的句子結(jié)構(gòu)或段落,有時結(jié)構(gòu)很復雜;
例7 Amikacin is useful in the treatment of infections from Gram-negative sensitive species,there included the Pseudomonas species;it may also be useful to treat infections caused by sensitive staphylococci,
阿米卡星可用于治療革蘭氏陽性敏感菌(其中包括假單孢菌)引起的感染,也可用于治療敏感葡萄球菌引起的感染。
例8 Nebcin is indicated for the treatment of the following infections caused by susceptible microorganisms:
乃柏欣適用于治療下列由敏感細菌引起的感染:
例 9 Octinum D has proved effective in the prophylaxis and therapy of disorders arising from spasm of the smooth musculature.
新握克了已證實對平滑肌痙攣引起的病癥有預防和治療作用。
例10 Fungizone intravenous is especially intended to treat cryptococcosis……
注射用凡疾送特別適用于治療隱球菌病。…
例11 Kanamycin is active both in vitro and vivo against Gram-possitive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as acid-fast bacteria
卡那霉素在體外及體內(nèi)對革蘭氏陽性和革蘭氏陰性菌以及耐酸菌都有效。
例12 Benemid is recommended for the treatmemt of gout and gouty arthritis, and to increase and prolong the plasma concentration of penicillins and cephalosporins during anti-infective therapy.
丙磺舒被推薦用于治療痛風及痛風關節(jié)炎,及在強化抗感染治療時增加并延長青霉素類及頭孢菌素類的血漿濃度。
例 13 Information available at present suggests that Oncovin may be useful either alone or in conjunction with other oncolytic drugs for the treatment of acute leukaemias ……
據(jù)現(xiàn)有資料表明,硫酸長春新堿可單獨使用,亦可與其他溶瘤細胞藥物合用,以治療急性白血病……
例14 Adriamycin is frequenly used in combination chemotherapy regiments with other cytotoxyc drugs.
阿霉素常與其他細胞毒藥物合用于化療方案。
例 15 Concomitant therapy with other calcium antagonists, antihypertensives and alcohol may potentiate the hypotensive action of the drug.
與其他的鈣桔抗劑、抗高血壓藥物及酒精飲料同時使用,會增強本品的降低血壓的作用。
二、本項中的常用詞及短語舉例
許多常用詞及疾病名、微生物名詞等與“藥理作用”項類同,此外還有以下詞組與短語(例句參見前文)。
be active against對……有效
be intended to…適用于……
be administrated in …適用于…
be of value of … 適用于……
be effective in (for, against)…對…有效
be recommended for 推薦用于……
be employed to …用于……
be used to (for, as)…用于……
be helpful in … 用于……
be useful in … 用于……
be indicated in (for)…適用于…
for (in) the treatment (management) of… 用于治療(控制)
表示與“其他藥物合用”的結(jié)構(gòu)有:
be associated with
in association with
be combined with
in combination with
be compatible with
in conjunction with
concomitant with
together with