The eclipse was first sighted at dawn in eastern India near the town of Guahati before moving north and east to Nepal, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Bhutan and China

    Solar eclipse is seen in Yinchuan, capital of northwest China's Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, at 8:33 a.m. on Wednesday, July 22, 2009. Photograph: Wang Peng/AP

    Tourists, astronomers and residents across a large swathe of Asia turned their eyes to the heavens today as the longest eclipse of the 21st century arrived.

    Viewing for many was marred by heavy clouds and rain, but the drama of the total eclipse – as darkness swept a narrow path across the continent – was unmistakable.

    Jiaxing in Zhejiang province, picked out by China's National Astronomical Observatory as one of the best spots to view the phenomenon, was drenched by rain after days of fine weather. Forecasters had warned all eight of the selected sites could suffer bad weather.

    Thousands of foreign tourists had come to the little-known city of 3.5m inhabitants. They reportedly included a party from India who had feared monsoon rains might obscure their view at home.

    Around a thousand gathered in a public square for an official ceremony to mark the occasion. There were cheers when a glimpse of sun briefly broke through the clouds, shortly before the eclipse was due to begin at 8.22.20.

    Visitors grabbed their darkened glasses in anticipation, following reminders that viewing with the naked eye could damage their eyesight.

    But they would have little chance to use them: shortly afterwards the heavens opened and torrential rain hit the six viewing spots across the city.

    Said Jin Qinlong, director of the tourism administration, said it was the most popular event in the city.

    Despite the stress of organising it, he added, he felt "a deep calm and peace" as darkness swept across the land.

    The phenomenon began at dawn over the western coast of India, passing over Surat, Indore, Bhopal, Varanasi and Patna, NASA said. It moved east across Nepal, Burma, Bangladesh and Bhutan and then along China's Yangtze River Valley, home to 300 million.

    Thick cloud cover over India obscured the sun when the eclipse began but the clouds parted in several cities, minutes before the total eclipse took place at 6.24 am.

    In neighboring Bangladesh, people came out in droves.

    "It's a rare moment, I never thought I would see this in my life," said Abdullah Sayeed, a college student who traveled to Panchagarh town from the capital Dhaka to view it.

    He said cars in the town needed to use headlights as "night darkness has fallen suddenly."

    One of the best views, shown live on several television channels, appeared to be in the Indian town of Varanasi, on the banks of the Ganges river, sacred to devout Hindus.

    Thousands of Hindus took a dip in keeping with the ancient belief that bathing in the river at Varanasi, especially on special occasions, cleanses one's sins. The eclipse was seen there for 3 minutes and 48 seconds.

    From there it passed to southern Japan and across the Pacific Ocean, where it would reach its maximum length of 6 minutes and 29 seconds.

    In Jiaxing, the sun began to slip behind the moon at 8.22.20 and reemerged completely 11.00.21, with total eclipse from 9.35.01 to 9.40.57.

    According to NASA, a total eclipse, when the moon passes between the earth and the sun, is only visible from a narrow strip - about 150 km wide - of the Earth's surface at any one time.

    Humans have recorded eclipses for thousands of years, but they were often sources of fear rather than fascination. China's Cabinet – the State Council – recognised their enduring power when it issued a directive urging local officials to ensure social stability during the event and urged academics and the media to explain the scientific principles behind it lest it caused blind panic.

    Historic Chinese documents suggest that they are portents of change.

    "There's a long tradition in China's past of the natural world and human world being interconnected so developments in one speak to the other," said Professor Jeffrey Wasserstrom of the University of California Davis.

    "From 2,000 years ago or so, the imperial family was interested in any kind of astronomical knowledge that could help predict eclipses. It's an early version of spin…if you knew in advance the heavens were displeased you could interpret that as being about bad officials who needed to be reprimanded as opposed to the dynasty being imperilled.

    "To what extent anyone thinks in those terms now is another matter."

    On a more prosaic note, Chinese authorities in many towns turned on street lights and ordered all police officers to remain on duty, fearing traffic accidents and other problems.

    Yan Jun, director of the National Astronomical Observatories, told the official People's Daily newspaper that the abrupt blackout might inflict dangers on road transport, shipping, air travel and even medical services and other activities. He suggested telecommunications and power transmission might also be affected due to sudden changes in astronomic gravity and light intensity.

    In Jiaxing, residents expressed disappointment at the low visibility but tourists appeared to be taking it in their stride. Pupils from Southend Boys High School struck up a rousing chorus of their school song and a briefer rendition of It's Raining Men as they huddled beneath umbrellas in the square.

    "Unfortunately, everything's eclipsed now," said Dr Mahamarowi Omar, an amateur astronomer who had brought a tour group from Malaysia just to see the phenomenon.

    "It's something so great that humans should experience it. It's not only science. We are Muslim and after this we will go and pray to God together. He has brought us the beautiful sky and earth and sun."

    There was still no sign of the sun when the rain cleared, but the sky was darkening second by second as the moon swept across its face somewhere behind the clouds. Grumbles and sighs of frustration turned to gasps.

    Moments later Jiaxing enjoyed its second dawn of the day. This time, as the sky lightened, glimpses of an upside-down crescent of the sun could be caught through viewing glasses.

    "There's nothing greater than a solar eclipse," said Sammy Grech, who had travelled all the way from Malta, where he heads the astronomical society.

    "Except the rain," he added thoughtfully.

    本次日食首先是黎明時(shí)分在印度東部高哈蒂小鎮(zhèn)附近，進(jìn)而向東部和北部的尼泊爾、緬甸、孟加拉、不丹和中國(guó)的方向移動(dòng)。

    中國(guó)西北部寧夏回族自治區(qū)首府銀川拍攝到的日食景象，時(shí)值2009年6月22日，星期三上午8點(diǎn)33分。 攝像： 王鵬/美聯(lián)社

    今日，亞洲成千上萬(wàn)的游客、天文學(xué)家和當(dāng)?shù)鼐用窬奂�在各地，觀看本世紀(jì)以來(lái)歷時(shí)最長(zhǎng)的一次日食。

    烏云和降雨影響了不少地方對(duì)日食的觀測(cè)，但由于亞洲大陸被籠罩在黑暗中便于觀景，此次日食的整體觀測(cè)仍如人所愿。

    浙江省嘉興是中國(guó)國(guó)家天文觀測(cè)中心選定的最適宜觀景的地點(diǎn)之一，此地在連日放晴的天氣后出現(xiàn)降雨。氣象臺(tái)已發(fā)出警告，所有被挑選的適宜觀看日食的地點(diǎn)都可能天公不作美。

    上千名國(guó)外游客早早便聚集在這個(gè)人口350萬(wàn)的名不見(jiàn)經(jīng)傳的小城市。據(jù)悉，其中包括了一個(gè)從印度專程前來(lái)的團(tuán)隊(duì)，因?yàn)樗麄儞?dān)心自己家鄉(xiāng)的季風(fēng)降雨影響對(duì)日食的觀測(cè)。

    大約一千人聚集在廣場(chǎng)上舉行正式的儀式來(lái)紀(jì)念此刻。在比預(yù)測(cè)的日食時(shí)間上午8點(diǎn)22分22秒稍早一點(diǎn)的時(shí)候，人們看見(jiàn)一絲太陽(yáng)光從云端中透出，便歡呼起來(lái)。

    觀看者戴上了提前準(zhǔn)備的太陽(yáng)觀測(cè)眼鏡，有關(guān)專家提醒，用肉眼直接進(jìn)行觀測(cè)會(huì)傷害眼睛的視力。

    然而他們用得上眼鏡的機(jī)會(huì)不多：在城內(nèi)6個(gè)觀測(cè)點(diǎn)，天空的烏云散開(kāi)沒(méi)多久便下起驟雨。

    嘉興市旅游局局長(zhǎng)金琴龍表示，這是本市最為激動(dòng)人心的一刻。

    盡管人員流動(dòng)疏導(dǎo)管理的壓力很大，他補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，在黑暗籠罩大地的那一刻，他感到一種"平靜安寧"的氛圍。

    日食的景觀于黎明時(shí)分在印度西岸開(kāi)始，跨域蘇特拉、印多爾、博帕爾、瓦臘納西和巴特納，美國(guó)宇航局指出，日食景觀經(jīng)過(guò)尼泊爾、緬甸、孟加拉和不丹然后沿路降臨中國(guó)長(zhǎng)江流域，該地人口約有3億。

    印度上空烏云密布，在日食出現(xiàn)的時(shí)候擋住了太陽(yáng)；但在個(gè)別城市，早晨6點(diǎn)24分，在日食出現(xiàn)的幾分鐘前烏云便散去。

    在鄰國(guó)孟加拉，人們紛紛跑到戶外觀看日食。

    這是百年難得一見(jiàn)的景觀，我從沒(méi)想到在我有生之年能夠看到。" 大學(xué)生阿布杜拉·賽義德說(shuō)道，他從首府達(dá)卡趕到盤查噶爾小鎮(zhèn)觀看奇觀。

    他說(shuō)隨著"夜晚般的黑暗突然降臨",小鎮(zhèn)里的汽車必須使用車前燈照明。

    在眾多最佳觀測(cè)地點(diǎn)中，印度瓦臘納西小鎮(zhèn)被幾家電視臺(tái)選中，在印度圣河--恒河的岸邊進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場(chǎng)直播。

    數(shù)千名印度教徒在恒河中沐浴，他們保留著古老的信仰，認(rèn)為在瓦臘納西的恒河里沐浴，尤其是在特殊時(shí)刻，能夠洗清自己的罪惡。日食在當(dāng)?shù)爻掷m(xù)了3分鐘48秒。

    緊接著日食現(xiàn)象來(lái)到了日本南部并跨越太平洋，在那里，日食達(dá)到6分29秒的最長(zhǎng)持續(xù)時(shí)間。

    在嘉興，太陽(yáng)在上午8點(diǎn)22分20秒的時(shí)候被月亮擋住，并在11點(diǎn)零21秒的時(shí)候完全重現(xiàn)，整個(gè)日食時(shí)間從9點(diǎn)35分01秒到9點(diǎn)40分57秒。

    據(jù)美國(guó)宇航局所說(shuō)，整個(gè)日食過(guò)程，即在月亮位于地球和太陽(yáng)之間的時(shí)間內(nèi)，也僅僅在地表一條約150公里寬的狹長(zhǎng)地帶的某一時(shí)刻可以觀看到。

    人類對(duì)日食現(xiàn)象的記錄可追溯到幾千年前，但那時(shí)的記錄更多的是蒙昧的恐懼，而非理解的熱衷。中國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院意識(shí)到了日食的社會(huì)影響，并直接指示有關(guān)各地當(dāng)局確保日食期間的社會(huì)穩(wěn)定，并促請(qǐng)專家學(xué)者和媒體宣傳報(bào)道其科學(xué)常識(shí)，以免出現(xiàn)不必要的恐慌。

    中國(guó)古代文獻(xiàn)里認(rèn)為日食是變遷的征兆。

    美國(guó)加州大學(xué)戴維斯分校的華志建教授說(shuō)："中國(guó)自古有一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)觀念，那就是自然世界和人類社會(huì)的相輔相成。"

    "大約兩千年前開(kāi)始，皇室就喜歡通過(guò)夜觀天象來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)日食出現(xiàn)。這是一個(gè)對(duì)自然現(xiàn)象的早期的詮釋……如果你提前知道了上天的不滿，那你可以解釋成：當(dāng)權(quán)者昏庸無(wú)能受到指責(zé)，而政權(quán)已岌岌可危。

    "而現(xiàn)今抱有這種想法的人已不多。"

    中國(guó)當(dāng)局更以一種沉悶的基調(diào)指示各地亮起路燈并命令所有警察官員上崗值勤，以免交通事故和其他問(wèn)題的出現(xiàn)。

    中國(guó)科學(xué)院國(guó)家天文臺(tái)臺(tái)長(zhǎng)嚴(yán)俊告訴官方報(bào)紙人民日?qǐng)?bào)記者，日食期間突發(fā)的天色變暗可能會(huì)引起道路交通、海運(yùn)和航空的危險(xiǎn)，甚至可能影響公共醫(yī)療服務(wù)或其他活動(dòng)。他并表示電信服務(wù)和電力供應(yīng)也可能受天文重力和光強(qiáng)度突變的影響。

    在嘉興，當(dāng)?shù)鼐用衿毡榉从硨?duì)低能見(jiàn)度的失望，但游客們則對(duì)此坦然接受。來(lái)自英國(guó)索森德男子高中的學(xué)生們歡呼雀躍合唱起校歌并在廣場(chǎng)上撐傘扮演雨人。

    "遺憾的是，萬(wàn)物都已寂寥，" 天文愛(ài)好者奧馬爾先生說(shuō)道。他率領(lǐng)旅游團(tuán)從馬來(lái)西亞來(lái)到這里看日食。

    "這真是世紀(jì)奇景，我們都應(yīng)該好好享受觀賞。這不僅僅是科學(xué)現(xiàn)象。我們穆斯林看到這個(gè)神奇的景觀，要一起向神祈禱。是他帶給我們?nèi)绱斯妍惖奶炜铡⒋蟮睾吞��?yáng)的美景。"

    當(dāng)降雨停止的時(shí)候，太陽(yáng)仍未露臉，但當(dāng)月亮在云層背后擋住太陽(yáng)時(shí)，天空正迅速變暗。正抱怨惋惜著的人們這時(shí)發(fā)出驚嘆。

    過(guò)一會(huì)兒，嘉興當(dāng)?shù)赜种噩F(xiàn)破曉。這時(shí)，天空漸漸變亮的時(shí)候可以通過(guò)觀測(cè)鏡看到呈倒立狀的太陽(yáng)的新月形狀。

    "日食景觀真是奇絕無(wú)比，"薩米·格列茨說(shuō)道。他專程從馬耳他島趕來(lái)，他是當(dāng)?shù)靥煳膶W(xué)界的權(quán)威。

    "當(dāng)然，遺憾的是下雨了。"他若有所思地說(shuō)道。